Houghton, R. A., and J. L. Hackler. 2001. Carbon Flux to the
Atmosphere from Land-Use Changes: 1850 to 1990. ORNL/CDIAC-131, NDP-050/R1.
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis
Center, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee,
U.S.A.
APPENDIX B: REGIONAL LAND-USE CHANGE AND WOOD
HARVEST DATA
The following listing provides the regional details of fuelwood (nonindustrial
logging) and timber
(industrial logging) harvest by forest type, changes in area of pasture,
forest plantation,
afforestation, forest clearing for croplands, and lands in shifting
cultivation. The values in this
listing replace the values in the indicated ascii and binary spreadsheet files
in Houghton and
Hackler (1995), the previous version of this database.
South and Southeast Asia
The following values replace the data in files asia-rat.* in Houghton and Hackler
(1995).
South and Southeast Asia Fuelwood Harvest (10^6 Mg C per year):
Tropical Tropical Tropical
moist seasonal open
Year forest forest forest
1751 8.58 10.50 4.50
1752 8.58 10.50 4.50
1753 8.58 10.50 4.50
1754 8.58 10.50 4.50
1755 8.58 10.50 4.50
1756 8.58 10.50 4.50
1757 8.58 10.50 4.50
1758 8.58 10.50 4.50
1759 8.58 10.50 4.50
1760 8.58 10.50 4.50
1761 8.58 10.50 4.50
1762 8.58 10.50 4.50
1763 8.58 10.50 4.50
1764 8.58 10.50 4.50
1765 8.58 10.50 4.50
1766 8.58 10.50 4.50
1767 8.58 10.50 4.50
1768 8.58 10.50 4.50
1769 8.58 10.50 4.50
1770 8.58 10.50 4.50
1771 8.58 10.50 4.50
1772 8.58 10.50 4.50
1773 8.58 10.50 4.50
1774 8.58 10.50 4.50
1775 8.58 10.50 4.50
1776 8.58 10.50 4.50
1777 8.58 10.50 4.50
1778 8.58 10.50 4.50
1779 8.58 10.50 4.50
1780 8.58 10.50 4.50
1781 8.58 10.50 4.50
1782 8.58 10.50 4.50
1783 8.58 10.50 4.50
1784 8.58 10.50 4.50
1785 8.58 10.50 4.50
1786 8.58 10.50 4.50
1787 8.58 10.50 4.50
1788 8.58 10.50 4.50
1789 8.58 10.50 4.50
1790 8.58 10.50 4.50
1791 8.58 10.50 4.50
1792 8.58 10.50 4.50
1793 8.58 10.50 4.50
1794 8.58 10.50 4.50
1795 8.58 10.50 4.50
1796 8.58 10.50 4.50
1797 8.58 10.50 4.50
1798 8.58 10.50 4.50
1799 8.58 10.50 4.50
1800 8.58 10.50 4.50
1801 8.58 10.50 4.50
1802 8.62 10.55 4.52
1803 8.66 10.60 4.54
1804 8.70 10.65 4.56
1805 8.74 10.70 4.59
1806 8.78 10.75 4.61
1807 8.82 10.80 4.63
1808 8.86 10.85 4.65
1809 8.90 10.90 4.67
1810 8.94 10.95 4.69
1811 8.98 11.00 4.71
1812 9.03 11.05 4.74
1813 9.07 11.10 4.76
1814 9.11 11.15 4.78
1815 9.15 11.20 4.80
1816 9.19 11.25 4.82
1817 9.23 11.30 4.84
1818 9.27 11.35 4.86
1819 9.31 11.40 4.89
1820 9.35 11.45 4.91
1821 9.39 11.50 4.93
1822 9.43 11.55 4.95
1823 9.47 11.60 4.97
1824 9.52 11.65 4.99
1825 9.56 11.70 5.01
1826 9.60 11.75 5.04
1827 9.64 11.80 5.06
1828 9.68 11.85 5.08
1829 9.72 11.90 5.10
1830 9.76 11.95 5.12
1831 9.80 12.00 5.14
1832 9.84 12.05 5.16
1833 9.88 12.10 5.19
1834 9.92 12.15 5.21
1835 9.96 12.20 5.23
1836 10.01 12.25 5.25
1837 10.05 12.30 5.27
1838 10.09 12.35 5.29
1839 10.13 12.40 5.31
1840 10.17 12.45 5.34
1841 10.21 12.50 5.36
1842 10.25 12.55 5.38
1843 10.29 12.60 5.40
1844 10.33 12.65 5.42
1845 10.37 12.70 5.44
1846 10.41 12.75 5.46
1847 10.45 12.80 5.49
1848 10.50 12.85 5.51
1849 10.54 12.90 5.53
1850 10.58 12.95 5.55
1851 10.66 13.05 5.59
1852 10.74 13.15 5.63
1853 10.82 13.24 5.68
1854 10.90 13.34 5.72
1855 10.98 13.44 5.76
1856 11.06 13.54 5.80
1857 11.14 13.64 5.84
1858 11.22 13.73 5.89
1859 11.30 13.83 5.93
1860 11.38 13.93 5.97
1861 11.46 14.03 6.01
1862 11.54 14.13 6.05
1863 11.62 14.22 6.10
1864 11.70 14.32 6.14
1865 11.78 14.42 6.18
1866 11.86 14.52 6.22
1867 11.94 14.62 6.26
1868 12.02 14.71 6.31
1869 12.10 14.81 6.35
1870 12.18 14.91 6.39
1871 12.26 15.01 6.43
1872 12.34 15.11 6.47
1873 12.42 15.20 6.52
1874 12.50 15.30 6.56
1875 12.58 15.40 6.60
1876 12.66 15.50 6.64
1877 12.74 15.60 6.68
1878 12.82 15.69 6.73
1879 12.90 15.79 6.77
1880 12.98 15.89 6.81
1881 13.06 15.99 6.85
1882 13.14 16.09 6.89
1883 13.22 16.18 6.94
1884 13.30 16.28 6.98
1885 13.38 16.38 7.02
1886 13.46 16.48 7.06
1887 13.54 16.58 7.10
1888 13.62 16.67 7.15
1889 13.70 16.77 7.19
1890 13.78 16.87 7.23
1891 13.86 16.97 7.27
1892 13.94 17.07 7.31
1893 14.02 17.16 7.36
1894 14.10 17.26 7.40
1895 14.18 17.36 7.44
1896 14.26 17.46 7.48
1897 14.34 17.56 7.52
1898 14.42 17.65 7.57
1899 14.50 17.75 7.61
1900 14.58 17.85 7.65
1901 14.69 17.99 7.71
1902 14.81 18.13 7.77
1903 14.92 18.27 7.83
1904 15.04 18.41 7.89
1905 15.15 18.55 7.95
1906 15.27 18.69 8.01
1907 15.38 18.83 8.07
1908 15.49 18.97 8.13
1909 15.61 19.11 8.19
1910 15.72 19.25 8.25
1911 15.84 19.39 8.31
1912 15.95 19.53 8.37
1913 16.07 19.67 8.43
1914 16.18 19.81 8.49
1915 16.29 19.95 8.55
1916 16.41 20.09 8.61
1917 16.52 20.23 8.67
1918 16.64 20.37 8.73
1919 16.75 20.51 8.79
1920 16.87 20.65 8.85
1921 16.98 20.79 8.91
1922 17.10 20.93 8.97
1923 17.21 21.07 9.03
1924 17.32 21.21 9.09
1925 17.44 21.35 9.15
1926 17.71 21.69 9.29
1927 17.99 22.02 9.44
1928 18.26 22.36 9.58
1929 18.54 22.69 9.73
1930 18.81 23.03 9.87
1931 19.08 23.37 10.01
1932 19.36 23.70 10.16
1933 19.63 24.04 10.30
1934 19.91 24.37 10.45
1935 20.18 24.71 10.59
1936 20.46 25.05 10.73
1937 20.73 25.38 10.88
1938 21.01 25.72 11.02
1939 21.28 26.05 11.17
1940 21.55 26.39 11.31
1941 21.83 26.73 11.45
1942 22.10 27.06 11.60
1943 22.38 27.40 11.74
1944 22.65 27.73 11.89
1945 22.93 28.07 12.03
1946 23.20 28.41 12.17
1947 23.48 28.74 12.32
1948 23.75 29.08 12.46
1949 24.02 29.41 12.61
1950 24.30 29.75 12.75
1951 25.04 30.66 13.14
1952 25.79 31.57 13.53
1953 26.53 32.48 13.92
1954 27.27 33.39 14.31
1955 28.02 34.30 14.70
1956 28.76 35.21 15.09
1957 29.50 36.12 15.48
1958 30.25 37.03 15.87
1959 30.99 37.94 16.26
1960 31.73 38.85 16.65
1961 32.47 39.76 17.04
1962 33.17 40.67 17.43
1963 33.86 41.58 17.82
1964 34.63 42.49 18.21
1965 35.48 43.40 18.60
1966 36.32 44.31 18.99
1967 37.29 45.22 19.38
1968 38.31 46.13 19.77
1969 39.41 47.04 20.16
1970 40.50 47.95 20.55
1971 41.75 48.86 20.94
1972 42.92 49.77 21.33
1973 43.94 50.68 21.72
1974 45.51 51.59 22.11
1975 47.22 52.50 22.50
1976 48.17 53.76 23.04
1977 49.03 55.02 23.58
1978 49.89 56.28 24.12
1979 50.76 57.54 24.66
1980 51.82 58.80 25.20
1981 53.04 60.13 25.77
1982 54.11 61.46 26.34
1983 55.23 62.79 26.91
1984 56.46 64.12 27.48
1985 57.79 65.45 28.05
1986 58.93 66.78 28.62
1987 59.95 68.11 29.19
1988 61.04 69.44 29.76
1989 62.21 70.77 30.33
1990 63.59 72.10 30.90
1991 64.61 72.10 30.90
1992 67.58 72.10 30.90
1993 70.94 72.10 30.90
1994 74.01 72.10 30.90
1995 77.04 72.10 30.90
South and Southeast Asia Timber Harvest (10^6 Mg C per year):
Tropical Tropical Tropical
moist seasonal open
Year forest forest forest
1750 1.26 0.80 0.00
1751 1.27 0.80 0.00
1752 1.27 0.80 0.00
1753 1.28 0.81 0.00
1754 1.29 0.81 0.00
1755 1.29 0.81 0.00
1756 1.30 0.81 0.00
1757 1.30 0.81 0.00
1758 1.31 0.82 0.00
1759 1.31 0.82 0.00
1760 1.32 0.82 0.00
1761 1.32 0.82 0.00
1762 1.33 0.82 0.00
1763 1.33 0.83 0.00
1764 1.34 0.83 0.00
1765 1.34 0.83 0.00
1766 1.35 0.83 0.00
1767 1.35 0.83 0.00
1768 1.36 0.84 0.00
1769 1.37 0.84 0.00
1770 1.37 0.84 0.00
1771 1.38 0.84 0.00
1772 1.38 0.84 0.00
1773 1.39 0.85 0.00
1774 1.39 0.85 0.00
1775 1.40 0.85 0.00
1776 1.40 0.85 0.00
1777 1.41 0.85 0.00
1778 1.41 0.86 0.00
1779 1.42 0.86 0.00
1780 1.42 0.86 0.00
1781 1.43 0.86 0.00
1782 1.44 0.86 0.00
1783 1.44 0.87 0.00
1784 1.45 0.87 0.00
1785 1.45 0.87 0.00
1786 1.46 0.87 0.00
1787 1.46 0.87 0.00
1788 1.47 0.88 0.00
1789 1.47 0.88 0.00
1790 1.48 0.88 0.00
1791 1.48 0.88 0.00
1792 1.49 0.88 0.00
1793 1.49 0.89 0.00
1794 1.50 0.89 0.00
1795 1.51 0.89 0.00
1796 1.51 0.89 0.00
1797 1.52 0.89 0.00
1798 1.52 0.90 0.00
1799 1.53 0.90 0.00
1800 1.53 0.90 0.00
1801 1.54 0.90 0.00
1802 1.54 0.90 0.00
1803 1.55 0.91 0.00
1804 1.55 0.91 0.00
1805 1.56 0.91 0.00
1806 1.56 0.91 0.00
1807 1.57 0.91 0.00
1808 1.58 0.92 0.00
1809 1.58 0.92 0.00
1810 1.59 0.92 0.00
1811 1.59 0.92 0.00
1812 1.60 0.92 0.00
1813 1.60 0.93 0.00
1814 1.61 0.93 0.00
1815 1.61 0.93 0.00
1816 1.62 0.93 0.00
1817 1.62 0.93 0.00
1818 1.63 0.94 0.00
1819 1.63 0.94 0.00
1820 1.64 0.94 0.00
1821 1.64 0.94 0.00
1822 1.65 0.94 0.00
1823 1.66 0.95 0.00
1824 1.66 0.95 0.00
1825 1.67 0.95 0.00
1826 1.67 0.95 0.00
1827 1.68 0.95 0.00
1828 1.68 0.96 0.00
1829 1.69 0.96 0.00
1830 1.69 0.96 0.00
1831 1.70 0.96 0.00
1832 1.70 0.96 0.00
1833 1.71 0.97 0.00
1834 1.71 0.97 0.00
1835 1.72 0.97 0.00
1836 1.73 0.97 0.00
1837 1.73 0.97 0.00
1838 1.74 0.98 0.00
1839 1.74 0.98 0.00
1840 1.75 0.98 0.00
1841 1.75 0.98 0.00
1842 1.76 0.98 0.00
1843 1.76 0.99 0.00
1844 1.77 0.99 0.00
1845 1.77 0.99 0.00
1846 1.78 0.99 0.00
1847 1.78 0.99 0.00
1848 1.79 1.00 0.00
1849 1.80 1.00 0.00
1850 1.80 1.00 0.00
1851 1.81 1.01 0.00
1852 1.82 1.02 0.00
1853 1.82 1.02 0.00
1854 1.83 1.03 0.00
1855 1.84 1.04 0.00
1856 1.85 1.05 0.00
1857 1.86 1.06 0.00
1858 1.86 1.06 0.00
1859 1.87 1.07 0.00
1860 1.88 1.08 0.00
1861 1.89 1.09 0.00
1862 1.90 1.10 0.00
1863 1.90 1.10 0.00
1864 1.91 1.11 0.00
1865 1.92 1.12 0.00
1866 1.93 1.13 0.00
1867 1.94 1.14 0.00
1868 1.94 1.14 0.00
1869 1.95 1.15 0.00
1870 1.96 1.16 0.00
1871 1.97 1.17 0.00
1872 1.98 1.18 0.00
1873 1.98 1.18 0.00
1874 1.99 1.19 0.00
1875 2.00 1.20 0.00
1876 2.02 1.21 0.00
1877 2.04 1.22 0.00
1878 2.06 1.24 0.00
1879 2.08 1.25 0.00
1880 2.10 1.26 0.00
1881 2.12 1.27 0.00
1882 2.14 1.28 0.00
1883 2.16 1.30 0.00
1884 2.18 1.31 0.00
1885 2.20 1.32 0.00
1886 2.22 1.33 0.00
1887 2.24 1.34 0.00
1888 2.26 1.36 0.00
1889 2.28 1.37 0.00
1890 2.30 1.38 0.00
1891 2.32 1.39 0.00
1892 2.34 1.40 0.00
1893 2.36 1.42 0.00
1894 2.38 1.43 0.00
1895 2.40 1.44 0.00
1896 2.42 1.45 0.00
1897 2.44 1.46 0.00
1898 2.46 1.48 0.00
1899 2.48 1.49 0.00
1900 2.50 1.50 0.00
1901 2.52 1.51 0.00
1902 2.54 1.52 0.00
1903 2.56 1.52 0.00
1904 2.58 1.53 0.00
1905 2.60 1.54 0.00
1906 2.62 1.55 0.00
1907 2.64 1.56 0.00
1908 2.66 1.56 0.00
1909 2.68 1.57 0.00
1910 2.70 1.58 0.00
1911 2.72 1.59 0.00
1912 2.74 1.60 0.00
1913 2.76 1.60 0.00
1914 2.78 1.61 0.00
1915 2.80 1.62 0.00
1916 2.82 1.63 0.00
1917 2.84 1.64 0.00
1918 2.86 1.64 0.00
1919 2.88 1.65 0.00
1920 2.90 1.66 0.00
1921 2.92 1.67 0.00
1922 2.94 1.68 0.00
1923 2.96 1.68 0.00
1924 2.98 1.69 0.00
1925 3.00 1.70 0.00
1926 3.04 1.71 0.00
1927 3.08 1.72 0.00
1928 3.12 1.74 0.00
1929 3.16 1.75 0.00
1930 3.20 1.76 0.00
1931 3.24 1.77 0.00
1932 3.28 1.78 0.00
1933 3.32 1.80 0.00
1934 3.36 1.81 0.00
1935 3.40 1.82 0.00
1936 3.44 1.83 0.00
1937 3.48 1.84 0.00
1938 3.52 1.86 0.00
1939 3.56 1.87 0.00
1940 3.60 1.88 0.00
1941 3.64 1.89 0.00
1942 3.68 1.90 0.00
1943 3.72 1.92 0.00
1944 3.76 1.93 0.00
1945 3.80 1.94 0.00
1946 3.84 1.95 0.00
1947 3.88 1.96 0.00
1948 3.92 1.98 0.00
1949 3.96 1.99 0.00
1950 4.00 2.00 0.00
1951 4.50 2.25 0.00
1952 5.00 2.50 0.00
1953 5.50 2.75 0.00
1954 6.00 3.00 0.00
1955 6.50 3.25 0.00
1956 7.00 3.50 0.00
1957 7.50 3.75 0.00
1958 8.00 4.00 0.00
1959 8.50 4.25 0.00
1960 9.00 4.50 0.00
1961 9.70 4.65 0.00
1962 10.40 4.80 0.00
1963 11.10 4.95 0.00
1964 11.80 5.10 0.00
1965 12.50 5.25 0.00
1966 13.20 5.40 0.00
1967 13.90 5.55 0.00
1968 14.60 5.70 0.00
1969 15.30 5.85 0.00
1970 16.00 6.00 0.00
1971 16.50 6.30 0.00
1972 17.00 6.60 0.00
1973 17.50 6.90 0.00
1974 18.00 7.20 0.00
1975 18.50 7.50 0.00
1976 19.00 7.80 0.00
1977 19.50 8.10 0.00
1978 20.00 8.40 0.00
1979 20.50 8.70 0.00
1980 21.00 9.00 0.00
1981 21.83 9.37 0.00
1982 22.67 9.73 0.00
1983 23.50 10.10 0.00
1984 24.33 10.47 0.00
1985 25.17 10.83 0.00
1986 26.00 11.20 0.00
1987 26.83 11.57 0.00
1988 27.67 11.93 0.00
1989 28.50 12.30 0.00
1990 28.50 12.30 0.00
1991 31.22 13.47 0.00
1992 32.00 13.81 0.00
1993 30.02 12.95 0.00
1994 28.68 12.38 0.00
1995 28.49 12.29 0.00
South and Southeast Asia Forest Clearing for Croplands (stepped changes between
dates) (10^6 hectares per year):
Tropical Tropical Tropical
moist seasonal open
Years forest forest forest
1750-1799 0.000 0.000 0.000
1800-1809 0.008 0.272 0.000
1810-1829 0.027 0.268 0.000
1830-1849 0.038 0.459 0.000
1850-1869 0.040 0.450 0.000
1870-1889 0.081 0.626 0.000
1890-1904 0.136 0.702 0.040
1905-1911 0.178 0.708 0.070
1912-1914 0.178 0.468 0.070
1915-1924 0.238 0.446 0.060
1925-1934 0.230 0.409 0.058
1935-1944 0.227 0.630 0.007
1945-1947 0.347 1.194 0.157
1948-1951 0.347 1.184 0.157
1952-1956 0.357 0.576 0.123
1957-1961 0.160 0.804 0.240
1962-1966 0.293 0.676 0.187
1967-1969 0.360 0.597 0.263
1970-1971 0.360 0.417 0.263
1972-1974 0.576 0.780 0.184
1975-1979 1.200 0.860 0.103
1980-1985 2.711 1.035 0.207
1986-1990 2.721 0.765 0.206
1991-1995 2.271 0.639 0.172
South and Southeast Asia Lands in Shifting Cultivation Cycle (linear change between
dates) (10^6 hectares per year):
Tropical Tropical Tropical
moist seasonal open
Years forest forest forest
1750-1801 3.73 0.00 0.35
1802-1939 3.73 0.00 0.35
1940-1944 3.85 0.00 0.36
1945-1949 3.93 0.00 0.36
1950-1954 4.09 0.00 0.37
1955-1959 4.17 0.00 0.38
1960-1964 4.35 0.00 0.39
1965-1969 4.63 0.00 0.40
1970-1974 4.85 0.00 0.40
1975-1979 5.25 0.00 0.42
1980-1985 5.69 0.00 0.42
1986-1990 6.15 0.00 0.44
1991-1995 6.25 0.00 0.44
China
The following values replace the data in files chin-rat.* in Houghton and Hackler
(1995).
China Clearing for Croplands (10^6 hectares per year):
Temperate Temperate Tropical
evergreen deciduous moist Temperate
Years forest forest forest grassland
1700-1701 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1702-1872 0.046 0.182 0.030 0.046
1873-1912 0.038 0.152 0.025 0.038
1913-1932 0.055 0.220 0.037 0.055
1933-1953 0.000 0.300 0.049 0.150
1954-1964 0.000 0.470 0.112 0.540
1965-1969 0.000 0.480 0.097 0.390
1970-1979 0.000 0.000 0.065 0.590
1980-1990 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
China Afforestation (10^6 hectares per year):
Years Temperate evergreen forest
1700-1710 0.00
1951-1970 1.40
1971-1980 2.40
1981-1990 0.38
China Wood Harvest (10^6 Mg C per year):
Tropical Temperate Temperate
moist evergreen deciduous
Years forest forest forest
1700-1859 0.8 3.7 4.6
1860-1874 2.0 10.0 12.0
1875-1899 2.0 10.0 12.0
1900-1924 2.0 11.0 13.0
1925-1949 3.0 12.0 15.0
1950-1969 3.0 13.0 16.0
1970-1979 5.0 22.0 27.0
1980-1980 5.0 25.0 31.0
1981-1990 6.7 31.7 38.6
China Lands in Pasture (10^6 hectares per year):
Years Temperate grassland
1700-1701 1.0
1702-1780 0.9
1781-1860 0.6
1861-1875 0.6
1876-1900 0.8
1901-1925 0.8
1926-1950 2.1
1951-1970 0.8
1971-1980 0.4
1981-1990 0.0
Europe
The following values replace the data in files euro-rat.* in Houghton and Hackler
(1995).
Europe Clearing for Croplands (10^6 hectares per year):
Temperate Temperate
evergreen deciduous Boreal Temperate
Years forest forest forest grassland
1700-1701 0.0600 0.0600 0.0500 0.2600
1702-1869 0.0600 0.0600 0.0500 0.2600
1870-1959 0.0200 0.0200 0.0170 0.0860
1960-1961 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1962-1969 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1970-1974 -0.2000 -0.2000 -0.2000 -0.2000
1975-1980 -0.2000 -0.2000 -0.2000 -0.2000
1981-1990 -0.0506 -0.0506 -0.0506 -0.0506
Europe Afforestation (10^6 hectares per year):
Years Temperate evergreen forest
1700-1710 0.00
1711-1711 0.00
1712-1800 0.00
1801-1849 0.02
1850-1875 0.02
1876-1900 0.03
1901-1925 0.05
1926-1950 0.08
1951-1980 0.08
1981-1990 0.08
Europe Wood Harvest (10^6 Mg C per year):
Temperate Temperate
evergreen deciduous Boreal
Year forest forest forest
1700 12.0 10.0 2.0
1860 26.0 22.0 5.0
1875 29.0 24.0 5.0
1900 35.0 30.0 6.0
1925 44.0 37.0 8.0
1950 41.0 35.0 7.0
1970 49.0 41.0 8.0
1980 44.0 38.0 8.0
1981-1990 51.8 43.9 9.1
Europe Lands in Pasture (10^6 hectares per year):
Years Temperate grassland
1700-1701 0.05
1702-1780 0.05
1781-1860 0.05
1861-1875 0.05
1876-1900 0.05
1901-1925 0.05
1926-1950 0.00
1951-1970 0.00
1971-1980 0.00
1981-1990 0.00
Former Soviet Union
The following values replace the data in files fsu-rat.* in Houghton and Hackler
(1995).
Former Soviet Union Clearing for Croplands (10^6 hectares per year):
Years Temperate deciduous forest Temperate grassland
1700-1860 0.288 0.206
1861-1911 0.098 0.588
1912-1939 0.148 1.111
1940-1949 -0.333 -0.111
1950-1957 1.429 5.714
1958-1968 0.364 0.636
1969-1970 -0.065 -0.065
1971-1974 -0.065 -0.065
1975-1976 0.038 0.038
1977-1980 0.038 0.038
1981-1984 0.022 0.022
1985-1990 -0.072 -0.409
Former Soviet Union Timber Harvest (10^6 Mg C per year):
Years Temperate deciduous forest Boreal forest
1700-1701 0.00 0.00
1702-1850 0.36 1.44
1851-1919 3.72 14.88
1914-1932 9.88 39.52
1933-1945 10.10 40.40
1946-1960 22.18 88.72
1961-1970 23.10 92.40
1971-1975 22.26 89.04
1976-1980 21.42 85.68
1981-1985 21.42 85.68
1986-1990 23.96 95.84
Former Soviet Union Fuelwood Harvest (10^6 Mg C per year):
Years Temperate deciduous forest Boreal forest
1700-1701 0.000 0.000
1702-1850 14.364 23.436
1851-1919 26.448 43.152
1914-1932 25.422 41.478
1933-1945 15.960 26.040
1946-1960 4.560 7.440
1961-1970 4.218 6.882
1971-1975 3.990 6.510
1976-1980 3.762 6.138
1981-1990 3.762 6.138
North Africa and the Middle East
The following values replace the data in files nafm-rat.* in Houghton and Hackler
(1995).
North Africa and the Middle East Clearing for Croplands (10^6 hectares per year):
Temperate Tropical
evergreen Tropical Desert woodland/
Years forest grassland scrub shrubland
1700-1701 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1702-1859 0.014 0.024 0.000 0.010
1860-1899 0.066 0.111 0.000 0.044
1900-1924 0.091 0.151 0.000 0.060
1925-1949 0.150 0.410 0.100 0.170
1950-1964 0.000 0.640 0.510 0.130
1965-1979 0.000 0.730 0.590 0.150
1980-1990 0.000 0.297 0.238 0.061
North Africa and the Middle East Wood Harvest (10^6 Mg C per year):
Year Temperate evergreen forest Tropical moist forest
1700 0.90 0.50
1860 1.00 1.00
1875 1.00 1.00
1900 2.00 1.00
1925 2.00 1.00
1950 3.00 2.00
1970 6.00 3.00
1980 7.00 4.00
1990 10.94 6.25
North Africa and the Middle East Lands in Pasture (10^6 hectares per year):
Years Desert scrub
1700-1701 0.1
1702-1780 0.1
1781-1860 0.2
1861-1875 0.5
1876-1900 0.7
1901-1925 1.5
1926-1950 2.1
1951-1970 1.3
1971-1990 0.5
North America
The following values replace the data in files nam-rat.* in Houghton and Hackler
(1995).
North America Clearing for Croplands (10^6 hectares per year):
Temperate forest Temperate
Temperate forest (abandonment) Boreal woodland/ Temperate
Years evergreen deciduous evergreen deciduous forest shrubland grassland
1700-1701 0.135 0.315 -0.045 -0.105 0.00 0.000 0.000
1702-1849 0.135 0.315 -0.045 -0.105 0.00 0.000 0.000
1850-1889 0.135 0.135 -0.045 -0.045 0.03 0.090 1.200
1890-1927 0.210 0.210 -0.070 -0.070 0.05 0.140 1.810
1928-1949 0.045 0.045 -0.015 -0.015 0.01 0.030 0.400
1950-1969 0.010 0.010 -0.010 -0.010 0.00 0.000 0.000
1970-1979 0.010 0.010 -0.100 -0.100 0.00 0.000 -0.020
1980-1990 -0.122 -0.122 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 -0.027
North America Wood Harvest (10^6 Mg C per year):
Temperate Temperate
evergreen deciduous Boreal
Year forest forest forest
1700 1.4 1.2 2.3
1860 30.0 26.0 51.0
1875 37.0 31.0 62.0
1900 36.0 31.0 61.0
1925 38.0 32.0 64.0
1950 33.0 28.0 55.0
1970 38.0 32.0 63.0
1980 41.0 35.0 69.0
1990 55.1 46.8 92.5
North America Lands in Pasture (10^6 hectares per year):
Years Temperate grassland
1700-1701 0.3
1702-1780 0.6
1781-1860 0.9
1861-1875 1.8
1876-1900 3.6
1901-1925 1.6
1926-1950 0.1
1951-1970 0.0
1971-1990 0.0
Pacific Developed Region
The following values replace the data in files pcdv-rat.* in Houghton and Hackler
(1995).
Pacific Developed Region Clearing for Croplands (10^6 hectares per year):
Tropical Tropical
moist Tropical woodland/
Years forest grassland shrubland
1700-1869 0.001 0.004 0.002
1870-1949 0.038 0.152 0.064
1950-1969 0.220 0.860 0.360
1970-1979 0.030 0.120 0.050
1980-1990 0.051 2.000 0.084
Pacific Developed Region Wood Harvest (10^6 Mg C per year):
Temperate Temperate Tropical
evergreen deciduous moist
Years forest forest forest
1700-1701 3.8 4.5 1.2
1702-1859 5.0 6.0 1.0
1860-1874 5.0 6.0 2.0
1875-1899 7.0 8.0 2.0
1900-1924 9.0 11.0 3.0
1925-1949 12.0 14.0 4.0
1950-1969 12.0 13.0 3.0
1970-1979 10.0 12.0 3.0
1980-1990 6.9 8.2 2.1
Pacific Developed Region Lands in Pasture (10^6 hectares per year):
Tropical Desert
Years grassland scrub
1700-1701 0.0 0.0
1702-1780 0.0 0.0
1781-1860 0.0 0.0
1861-1875 0.0 0.0
1876-1900 0.0 0.0
1901-1925 8.0 2.6
1926-1950 7.8 1.7
1951-1970 0.6 0.2
1971-1990 0.6 0.2
South and Central America
The following values replace the data in files scam-rat.* in Houghton and Hackler
(1995).
South and Central America Lands in Forest Plantation (10^6 hectares per year):
Years Tropical seasonal forest
1800-1948 0.000
1949-1954 0.040
1955-1957 0.040
1958-1962 0.079
1963-1967 0.127
1968-1977 0.228
1978-1982 0.410
1983-1990 0.535
South and Central America Clearing for Croplands (10^6 hectares per year):
Tropical Tropical Warm Temperate
equatorial seasonal Tropical coniferous broadleaf Desert
Years forest forest woodland forest forest Grassland scrub
1800-1849 0.0037 0.0267 0.0147 0.0037 0.0009 0.0414 0.0009
1850-1859 0.0037 0.0267 0.0147 0.0037 0.0009 0.0414 0.0009
1860-1869 0.0082 0.0595 0.0328 0.0082 0.0021 0.0923 0.0021
1870-1879 0.0082 0.0595 0.0328 0.0082 0.0021 0.0923 0.0021
1880-1889 0.0264 0.1910 0.1056 0.0264 0.0066 0.2970 0.0066
1890-1899 0.0240 0.1740 0.0960 0.0240 0.0060 0.2700 0.0060
1900-1909 0.0864 0.6260 0.3456 0.0864 0.0216 0.9720 0.0216
1910-1919 -0.0032 -0.0232 -0.0128 -0.0032 -0.0008 -0.0360 -0.0008
1920-1929 0.0616 0.4470 0.2464 0.0616 0.0154 0.6930 0.0154
1930-1939 0.0572 0.4150 0.2288 0.0572 0.0143 0.6440 0.0143
1940-1949 0.0292 0.2120 0.1168 0.0292 0.0073 0.3280 0.0073
1950-1959 0.0660 0.4780 0.2640 0.0660 0.0165 0.7420 0.0165
1960-1969 0.1740 1.2640 0.6976 0.1744 0.0436 1.9620 0.0436
1970-1979 0.1010 0.7310 0.4032 0.1008 0.0252 1.1340 0.0252
1980-1982 0.0460 0.3310 1.2480 0.0460 0.0110 0.5130 0.0110
1983-1984 0.0460 0.3310 1.2620 0.0460 0.0110 0.5130 0.0110
1986-1987 0.0460 0.3310 1.2860 0.0460 0.0110 0.5130 0.0110
1988-1989 0.0460 0.3310 0.9940 0.0460 0.0110 0.5130 0.0110
1990 0.0460 0.3310 0.7000 0.0460 0.0110 0.5130 0.0110
South and Central America Lands in Pasture (10^6 hectares per year):
Tropical Tropical Warm Temperate
equatorial seasonal Tropical coniferous broadleaf Desert
Years forest forest woodland forest forest Grassland scrub
1800-1859 0.000 0.000 0.735 0.000 0.000 1.323 0.042
1860-1869 0.005 0.090 -0.210 0.005 0.000 -0.378 -0.012
1870-1879 0.000 0.000 0.525 0.000 0.000 0.945 0.030
1880-1889 0.005 0.090 1.330 0.005 0.000 2.394 0.076
1890-1899 0.005 0.090 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000
1900-1909 0.005 0.090 0.770 0.005 0.000 1.386 0.044
1910-1919 0.015 0.270 0.420 0.015 0.000 0.756 0.024
1920-1929 0.015 0.270 -0.280 0.015 0.000 -0.504 -0.016
1930-1939 0.020 0.360 0.665 0.020 0.000 1.197 0.038
1940-1949 0.025 0.450 1.820 0.025 0.000 3.276 0.104
1950-1959 0.045 0.810 1.715 0.045 0.000 3.087 0.098
1960-1969 0.055 0.990 2.415 0.055 0.000 4.347 0.138
1970-1979 0.075 1.350 0.210 0.075 0.000 0.378 0.012
1980-1982 0.060 1.752 0.000 0.060 0.000 0.000 0.000
1983-1985 0.060 2.259 0.000 0.060 0.000 0.000 0.000
1986-1987 0.060 2.660 0.000 0.060 0.000 0.000 0.000
1988-1989 0.060 2.480 0.000 0.060 0.000 0.000 0.000
1990 0.060 2.039 0.000 0.060 0.000 0.000 0.000
South and Central America Wood Harvest (10^6 Mg C per year):
Years Tropical seasonal forest Warm coniferous forest
1800-1801 0.416 0.301
1802-1874 0.518 0.378
1875-1899 0.832 0.602
1900-1924 1.978 1.428
1925-1949 3.953 2.860
1950-1974 12.080 8.720
1975-1979 18.720 13.540
1980-1984 21.420 15.500
1985-1990 21.420 15.500
South and Central America Lands in Shifting Cultivation (10^6 hectares per year):
Years Tropical seasonal forest Tropical woodland
1800-1939 5.1176 9.3333
1940-1944 5.1376 9.3333
1945-1949 5.2976 9.3533
1950-1954 5.4176 9.4333
1955-1959 5.5376 9.4933
1960-1964 5.6376 9.5133
1965-1969 5.8176 9.5333
1970-1974 6.0776 9.5533
1975-1979 6.3376 9.5733
1980-1984 6.6556 9.5933
1985-1999 6.6556 9.5933
Tropical Africa
The following values replace the data in files taf-rat.* in Houghton and Hackler
(1995).
Tropical Africa Forest Clearing (10^6 hectares per year):
Years Closed forest Open forest
1800-1824 0.021 0.037
1825-1849 0.029 0.051
1850-1859 0.036 0.064
1860-1874 0.045 0.080
1875-1887 0.054 0.096
1885-1899 0.065 0.115
1900-1909 0.090 0.160
1910-1919 0.126 0.224
1920-1929 0.162 0.288
1930-1939 0.198 0.352
1940-1949 0.324 0.576
1950-1959 0.504 0.896
1960-1969 0.792 1.408
1970-1977 1.080 1.920
1978-1979 1.324 2.354
1980-1984 1.440 2.560
1985-1989 1.836 3.264
1990 2.160 3.840