DATASET TITLE: ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS - THE CSIRO (AUSTRALIA) MONITORING PROGRAM FROM AIRCRAFT FOR 1972-1981 CONTRIBUTORS: DAVID J. BEARDSMORE GRAEME I. PEARMAN DIVISION OF ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (CSIRO) MORDIALLOC, VICTORIA AUSTRALIA DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/atg.ndp007 SOURCE AND SCOPE OF THE DATA: ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS WERE MEASURED IN THE TROPOSPHERE AND LOWER STRATOSPHERE OVER THE AUSTRALIA - NEW ZEALAND REGION AND AS FAR SOUTH AS ANTARCTICA FOR THE PERIOD 1972-1981. THE SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED FROM AIRCRAFT OVER A LARGE RANGE OF LATITUDES AND ALTITUDES WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE AUSTRALIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION; QUANTA AIRWAYS; TRANS AUSTRALIA AIRLINES; U.S., NEW ZEALAND, AND AUSTRALIAN AIR FORCES; AND OCCASIONAL CHARTERING OF LIGHT AIRCRAFT FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. DATA FORMAT: FOUR DOS ASCII TEXT FILES ARE PROVIDED ON THIS SUBDIRECTORY INCLUDING THIS DESCRIPTIVE FILE (NDP007.TXT), THE DATA FILE CONTAINING THE ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS OBTAINED FROM AIRCRAFT (NDP007.DAT), AND A FORTRAN (NDP007.FOR) AND SAS (NDP007.SAS) RETRIEVAL CODE TO READ AND PRINT THE DATA FILE. THE DATA FILE IS FORMATTED AS: READ(N1,100,END=99) IDAYS,MONS,IYRS,AIRTYP,FLIGHT,FLASK, 1 ITIME,ISECT,IDIST,IDIR,IDME,ALT,TR,IDAYA,MONA,IYRA,IPRES, 2 HISPAN,LOSPAN,ANAL,CONC 100 FORMAT(I2,I2,I3,A4,A5,A4,A5,I3,I5,I3,I4,F6.2,A3,2X,I2,I3, 1 I3,I5,A3,A3,A4,F6.1) WHERE: IDAYS IS THE DAY THE FLASK SAMPLE WAS COLLECTED. MONS IS THE MONTH THE FLASK SAMPLE WAS COLLECTED. IYRS IS THE YEAR THE FLASK SAMPLE WAS COLLECTED. AIRTYPE IS THE TYPE OF AIRCRAFT USED TO COLLECT THE FLASK SAMPLE. B50 BEECHCRAFT B50, "BONANZA" B55 BEECHCRAFT B55, "BARON" B707 BOEING 707-338C B727 BOEING 727, VARIOUS SERIES B747 BOEING 747B C130 LOCKHEED C130, "HERCULES" C141 LOCKHEED C141, "STARLIFTER" C310 CESSNA 310 CV990 CONVAIR 990 DC9 DOUGLAS DC9 F27 FOKKER F27, "FRIENDSHIP" F28 FOKKER F28, "FELLOWSHIP" ME2B SWEARINGEN, "MERLIN 2B", "MERLIN 3" PA30 PIPER "COMANCHE" OR "AZTEC" FLIGHT IS THE FLIGHT NUMBER FOR WHATEVER AGENCY OR AIRLINE COLLECTED THE AIR SAMPLE. THE LETTER THAT PRECEDES THE FLIGHT NUMBER INDICATES THE SAMPLING METHOD AND COOPERATING AGENCY A - MANUAL SAMPLING BY RAAF OR ANTARCTIC DIVISION OF NEW ZEALAND DSIR FROM USAF AIRCRAFT. B - AUTOMATIC SAMPLING FROM AIRCRAFT OF TRANS AUSTRALIA AIRLINES. C - MANUAL SAMPLING FROM CHARTERED LIGHT AIRCRAFT. D - MANUAL SAMPLING FROM AIRCRAFT OF AUSTRALIAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT, AIR TRANSPORT GROUP. M - MANUAL SAMPLING FROM COMMERCIAL PASSENGER AIRCRAFT. NO PUMP USED. SAMPLES COLLECTED AT CABIN PRESSURE AFTER LONG FLUSHING TIME AND TAPS FIRMLY CLOSED. N - MANUAL SAMPLING FROM AIRCRAFT FLOWN BY THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION. Q - MANUAL SAMPLING FROM AIRCRAFT OF QANTAS AIRWAYS LTD. FLASK IS THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE FLASK IN WHICH THE AIR SAMPLE WAS COLLECTED ITIME IN G.M.T. AT WHICH THE SAMPLE WAS COLLECTED. ON OCCASIONS THE SAME TIME (AND DISTANCE) ARE GIVEN FOR MORE THAN ONE SAMPLE TAKEN OVER THE TASMAN SEA (SECTOR 3). IT IS ASSUMED THAT IN THESE INSTANCES THE QUANTAS AIRCREW COLLECTED THE SAMPLES CONSECUTIVELY, COMMENCING AT THE TIME STARTED. ISECT IS THE GEOGRAPHICAL SECTOR WHERE THE SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED. 1. SOUTHERN VICTORIA, BASS STRAIT AND TASMANIA. 2. INLAND SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA. 3. TASMAN SEA. 4. NEW ZEALAND TO ANTARCTICA. 5. FLIGHTS OVER GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT. 6. SUB-TROPICAL FLIGHTS SAMPLING BETWEEN LATITUDES 15 deg. AND 24 deg. S. IDIST IS THE DISTANCE IN KILOMETERS FROM THE DME STATION (EXCEPT SECTOR 4 WHERE THE DISTANCE IS IN KILOMETERS x 0.1 FROM THE LISTED DME STATION). IDIR IS THE DIRECTION FROM LISTED DME STATIONS TO EIGHT CARDINAL POINTS: NORTH=1; NORTHEAST=2; EAST=3; ETC. IDME IS THE STATION NUMBER OF THE RADIO NAVIGATION DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME) TO WHICH DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS ARE RELATED. DURING THE COURSE OF THE PROGRAM SOME ASSIGNED DME STATION NUMBERS CHANGED, HOWEVER, FOR CONSISTENCY THE ORIGINAL STATION NUMBERS WERE RETAINED THROUGHOUT. SECTOR 1 1. WYNYARD (TAS.) 38. STRAHAN (TAS.) 3. FLINDERS ISLAND (TAS.) 42. WONTHAGGI (VIC.) 7. MELBOURNE (VIC.) 44. LAUNCESTON (TAS.) 16. KING ISLAND (TAS.) 47. DEVONPORT (TAS.) 34. HOBART (TAS.) SECTOR 2 1. LEIGH CREEK (S.A.) 10. NHILL (VIC.) 2. CORRYONG (VIC.) 11. MANGALORE (VIC.) 3. LAKE ALBERT (S.A.) 12. MT. GAMBIER (S.A.) 4. MILDURA (VIC.) 13. WAGGA (N.S.W.) 5. SYDNEY (N.S.W.) 21. WILLIAMSDALE (N.S.W.) 6. MERIMBULA (N.S.W.) 23. WEE JASPER (N.S.W.) 7. MELBOURNE (VIC.) 26. MT. WILLIAM (VIC.) 8. HOLBROOK (N.S.W.) 35. ALBURY (N.S.W.) 9. ADELAIDE (S.A.) 40. CANBERRA (A.C.T.) 41. RUGBY (N.S.W.) SECTOR 3 3. FLINDERS ISLAND (AUST.) 42. WONTHAGGI (AUST.) 5. SYDNEY (AUST.) 58. CHRISTCHURCH (N.Z.) 7. MELBOURNE (AUST.) 72. AUCKLAND (N.Z.) SECTOR 4 0. ASSIGNED TO SOUTH POLE FOR IDENTIFICATION PURPOSES. 58. CHRISTCHURCH (N.Z.) SECTOR 5 2. PERTH (W.A.) 9. ADELAIDE (S.A.) 7. MELBOURNE (VIC.) SECTOR 6 2. PERTH (W.A.) 9. ADELAIDE (S.A.) 5. DARWIN (N.T.) ALT IS THE ALTITUDE IN KILOMETERS ABOVE M.S.L. TR INDICATES THE ORIGIN OF THE AIR SAMPLE TR SAMPLED BELOW THE TROPOPAUSE ST SAMPLED ABOVE THE TROPOPAUSE. T? UNCERTAIN (PROBABLY SAMPLED BELOW TROPOPAUSE). S? UNCERTAIN (PROBABLY SAMPLED ABOVE TROPOPAUSE). ?? UNCERTAIN (NO ESTIMATION OF THE SAMPLE ORIGIN POSSIBLE). IDAYA IS THE DAY THE AIR SAMPLE WAS ANALYZED. MONA IS THE MONTH THE AIR SAMPLE WAS ANALYZED. IYRA IS THE YEAR THE AIR SAMPLE WAS ANALYZED. IPRES IS THE PRESSURE (kPa ABOVE ATMOSPHERIC) OF SAMPLE IN FLASK(S) AND MANIFOLD AT COMMENCEMENT OF CO2 ANALYSIS. NEGATIVE VALUES INDICATE PARTIAL VACUUM. ALL AUTOMATIC SAMPLER ANALYSES FROM B-PREFIXED FLIGHTS ARE GIVEN A VALUE OF 3 kPa SINCE THIS IS APPROXIMATELY THE POSITIVE PRESSURE AT WHICH THE SAMPLE IS ALLOWED TO FLOW THROUGH THE ANALYZER. HISPAN & DESIGNATES THE 2 TERTIARY STANDARDS USED FOR THE CO2 LOSPAN ANALYSIS. PREFIX A INDICATES CO2/AIR MIXTURE. PREFIX N INDICATES CO2/N2 MIXTURE. ANAL IDENTIFIES THE NDIR GAS ANALYZER USED FOR THE CO2 ANALYSIS. U1 UNOR 2 (S/NO. 631478) U2 UNOR 2 (S/NO. 631693) U3 URAS 2 (S/NO. 6933216) CONC IS THE MEASURED CONCENTRATION OF CO2 IN THE SAMPLE EXPRESSED IN PPMV ON THE WMO 1981 CO2 CALIBRATION SCALE. ALL DATA HAVE BEEN CORRECTED FOR THE APPROPRIATE CARRIER-GAS ERRORS. IN THE CASE OF B-PREFIXED FLIGHTS THE VALUE GIVEN IS THE MEAN OF THE COMPUTED CONCENTRATIONS OF BETWEEN ONE AND SIX SEPARATE DETERMINATIONS OBTAINED FROM THE ONE LARGE AIR SAMPLE. BEFORE APRIL 1980 THE CONCENTRATION ASSIGNED TO THESE SAMPLES REFERS TO THEIR CONCENTRATION AS INDICATED BY THE ANALYZER WITHOUT DRYING. FROM APRIL 1980 SAMPLES WERE CHEMICALLY DRIED BEFORE ANALYSIS. GENERAL COMMENTS AND NOTES F11 THE SAMPLE WAS ANALYSED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR SELECTED CARBON COMPOUNDS AND/OR HALOCARBONS BEFORE CO2 ANALYSIS. N20 THE SAMPLE WAS ANALYSED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR SELECTED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS BEFORE CO2 ANALYSIS. TASMAN SEA FLIGHT LEG IDENTIFICATION (E.G. S-C INDICATES THE FLIGHT LEG FROM SYDNEY TO CHRISTCHURCH, A-M INDICATES AUCKLAND TO MELBOURNE, ETC.) A AUCKLAND (N.Z.) M MELBOURNE (AUST.) B BRISBANE (AUST.) S SYDNEY (AUST.) C CHRISTCHURCH (N.Z.) (A) OTHER COMMENTS 1972 A/C-DRY SAMPLE WAS DRIED, AS USUAL, DURING SAMPLING IN AIRCRAFT. LAB-DRY SAMPLE WAS NOT DRIED IN AIRCRAFT, BUT IN THE LABORATORY BEFORE ANALYSIS. 1973 AV HT MEAN ALTITUDE-SAMPLE TAKEN DURING DESCENT FROM 9.15 TO 6.71 KM. 1974 TEMP INL TEMPORARY POLYTHENE HOSE USED TO INTAKE OF PUMP. 15M PUMP WEAK. SAMPLE TOOK 15 MIN TO COLLECT BETWEEN 0715 AND 0730 HOURS G.M.T. TIME AND DISTANCE ARE MEAN VALUES. 1975 AV HT MEAN ALTITUDE-SAMPLE TAKEN DURING CLIMB FROM SURFACE TO 2.08 KM. 1977 PUMP? FLASKS COULD NOT BE FULLY PRESSURIZED DUE TO A LEAK IN THE OUTLET TUBE OF THE PUMP. LAB-DRY SAMPLE WAS NOT DRIED IN AIRCRAFT, BUT IN THE LABORATORY BEFORE ANALYSIS. DISP AN. SAMPLE RECEIVED AT VERY LOW OVER-PRESSURE. PART OF THE SAMPLE TRANSFERRED TO A PRE-EVACUATED 1/2 LITRE GLASS FLASK AND ANALYSIS PERFORMED BY MERCURY DISPLACEMENT METHOD. 1978 LAB DRY SAMPLE WAS NOT DRIED IN AIRCRAFT, BUT IN THE LABORATORY BEFORE ANALYSIS. EST ALT SAMPLE COLLECTED ON A COMMERCIAL PASSENGER FLIGHT. ALTITUDE OF COLLECTION WAS ESTIMATED. C.PT ) A NUMBER OF SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED ON A TRAVERSE W1,etc ) AT CONSTANT HEIGHT. SAMPLING POINTS ARE AT E1,etc ) APPROXIMATELY 18-20 KM INTERVALS EAST NORTH EAST (E) AND WEST SOUTH WEST (W) FROM THE CENTRE POINT (C.PT) OF THE TRAVERSE. 1979 LAB DRY SAMPLE WAS NOT DRIED IN AIRCRAFT, BUT IN THE LABORATORY BEFORE ANALYSIS. LPC L/D LOW PRESSURE COLLECTION, SIMILAR TO M FLIGHTS, DUE TO PUMP FAILURE. CARE TAKEN IN FLUSHING AND SEALING OF FLASKS SO THAT RESULTS CAN BE TAKEN AS VALID. SAMPLE DRIED IN. 1980 LAB DRY SAMPLE WAS NOT DRIED IN AIRCRAFT, BUT IN THE LABORATORY BEFORE ANALYSIS. LPC L/D LOW PRESSURE COLLECTION. CONDITIONS AS FOR LPC L/D FLASKS IN 1979. CP ) SAMPLES COLLECTED ON A HORIZONTAL TRAVERSE. W1,etc ) SAMPLING POINT DEFINITION IS THE SAME AS C.PT E1,etc ) FLASKS IN 1978. 1981 L/P COL LOW PRESSURE COLLECTION. CONDITIONS AS FOR LPC L/D DIR/IN SAMPLE COLLECTED THROUGH A P.T.F.E. TUBE FROM A SPECIALLY FITTED AIR INLET DIRECTLY TO OUTSIDE THE AIRCRAFT RATHER THAN VIA THE NORMAL BUTYL- RUBBER TUBE FROM THE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM. S/S IN SAMPLE COLLECTED THROUGH A SPECIAL STAINLESS STEEL INLET TUBE COMMUNICATING DIRECTLY WITH THE OUTSIDE OF THE AIRCRAFT, RATHER THAN VIA THE NORMAL BUTYL-RUBBER TUBE FROM THE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM. REFERENCES BEARDSMORE, D.J, G.I. PEARMAN, P.J.B. FRASER AND J.G. O'TOOLE. 1978. THE CSIRO (AUSTRALIA) ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE MONITORING PROGRAM: THE FIRST SIX YEARS OF DATA. CSIRO DIVISION OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS TECH. PAPER NO. 35. 71 PP. PEARMAN, G.I., D.J. BEARDSMORE AND R.C. O'BRIEN. 1983. THE CSIRO (AUSTRALIAN) ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE MONITORING PROGRAM: TEN YEARS OF AIRCRAFT DATA. CSIRO DIVISION OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS TECH. PAPER NO. 45. 113 PP.